Differences between Short Term Scheduler and Long Term Scheduler in operating system

 

Here is a comparison between the Short-term Scheduler (STS) and Long-term Scheduler (LTS) in operating systems :

Feature	Short-term Scheduler (STS)	Long-term Scheduler (LTS)
Purpose	Selects which process should be executed next	Decides which processes should be brought into memory and executed
Frequency of execution	Executed frequently, often several times per second	Executed less frequently, usually once per several seconds or minutes
Job allocation	Allocates jobs to the CPU	Allocates jobs to the memory
Scheduling decisions	Based on the state of the processes in memory	Based on the queue of processes waiting for execution
CPU utilization	Maximizes CPU utilization	Balances CPU utilization with memory utilization
Responsiveness	Fast response time	Slower response time
Performance	High performance	Moderate performance
Latency	Low latency	High latency
Task prioritization	Prioritizes tasks based on their current state	Prioritizes tasks based on their priority level
Context switching	High rate of context switching	Low rate of context switching
Memory requirements	Low memory requirements	High memory requirements
Preemptive or Non-Preemptive	Typically preemptive	Non-preemptive
Interrupt handling	Handles interrupts	Does not handle interrupts
Task scheduling	Schedules individual tasks	Schedules entire processes
Fairness	Fair to all tasks	Fair to all processes

Note that the exact behavior and performance of the STS and LTS algorithms can vary based on the specific implementation and the workload being scheduled. Both algorithms play important roles in the efficient and effective operation of an operating system and work together to manage the resources of the system.